Java重写与重载：方法的‘改头换面’与‘改头换面’，必分清
Java中方法重载与重写是重要特性，初学者易混淆，核心区别如下： **方法重载（Overload）**：同一类中，方法名相同但参数列表不同（类型、数量或顺序），返回值、修饰符等可不同。目的是同一类中提供多参数处理方式（如计算器add方法支持不同参数相加），仅参数列表决定重载，返回值不同不算重载。 **方法重写（Override）**：子类对父类方法的重新实现，要求方法名、参数列表完全相同，返回值为父类返回值的子类，访问权限不低于父类。目的是子类扩展父类功能（如狗重写动物叫方法），静态方法不可重写（只能隐藏）。 **核心区别**：重载看参数不同（同一类），重写看继承（参数相同）。记住：重载“换参数”，重写“换实现”。
Read MoreJava Method Overloading: Different Parameters with the Same Name, Quick Mastery
Java method overloading refers to the phenomenon where, within the same class, there are methods with the same name but different **parameter lists** (differing in type, quantity, or order). The core is the difference in parameter lists; methods are not overloaded if they only differ in return type or parameter name, and duplicate definitions occur if the parameter lists are identical. Its purpose is to simplify code by using a unified method name (e.g., `add`) to handle scenarios with different parameters (e.g., adding integers or decimals). Correct examples include the `add` method in a `Calculator` class, which supports different parameter lists like `add(int, int)` and `add(double, double)`. Incorrect cases involve identical parameter lists or differing only in return type (e.g., defining two `test(int, int)` methods). At runtime, Java automatically matches methods based on parameters, and constructors can also be overloaded (e.g., initializing a `Person` class with different parameters). Overloading enhances code readability and conciseness, commonly seen in utility classes (e.g., `Math`). Mastering its rules helps avoid compilation errors and optimize code structure.
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